The following was compiled in response to a question by
a Prince Hall Brother on the Internet asking why freemasons wear
black and white.
This has been the custom for over a hundred years. In the
1700's freemasons did not wear black and white. In an old masonic
catechism of that time there is a question asking about the Master's
clothing - "yallow jacket and blue breeches" forms part
of the answer. This was an allusion to the colours of a pair of
compasses and a square, perhaps. There is a painting showing the
Scottish poet Robert Burns in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh
(Scotland) on his appointment as lodge poet laureate - members
of the lodge wear variously coloured coats, breeches and stockings,
not black and white. This event was supposedly on 1 March 1787
; the painting (by Brother Stewart Watson) was produced in 1846.
Blue and Gold were certainly recognised as the official colours
of freemasonry in the 1720's - nowadays these colours are used
as the edging on aprons of Grand Lodge Officers and on their collars;
private lodge officers use light blue collars and have light blue
trimmings on their aprons.
A quick Internet search on the history of men's formal wear
yielded two useful sites: site (1) and site (2).
>From site (1) it seems that black formal wear was invented
by an English writer. The idea of wearing black for evening wear
was, according to the English clothing historian James Laver,
first introduced by the nineteenth-century British writer Edward
Bulwer-Lytton, who utilized it "as a romantic gesture to
show that he was a `blighted being' and very, very melancholy.
" And it was Bulwer-Lytton who gave further impetus to this
notion of black as the color for formal wear by writing, in 1828,
that "people must be very distinguished to look well in black."
Naturally, the moment this statement was noted by would-be dandies,
the style became decidedly de rigueur...or "cool" in
modern parlance.
This was probably a reaction to the sartorial excesses of
men during the time of the English Prince Regent (later Brother
King George IV) when dandies such as Beau Brummell wore more splendid
apparel than females.
The original dinner jacket was "invented" by Brother
King Edward VII when Prince of Wales. He was also the Grand Master
of the United Grand Lodge of England in the last quarter of the
19th Century. He certainly made the dinner jacket fashionable,
and no doubt this is why the vast majority of freemasons in Australia
and some other countries wear dinner jackets (some WMs and Grand
Lodge folk wear white tie and tails).
From site (2) - the tuxedo was "invented" by Pierre
Lorillard IV, a wealthy man of Tuxedo Park in New York State,
in 1896. His son and friends wore the first tuxedos to a white
tie and tails ball. The cummerbund and bow tie (popular with many
freemasons in Australia) were later additions to the "tux"
outfit.
In the more tropical parts of Australia, masons wear white
mess jackets rather than the sombre dinner jacket or tuxedo or
tailcoat. Members of daylight lodges here wear day clothes such
as a business suit or perhaps a formal sports jacket.
Frequent attenders at lodge take their freemasonry fairly
seriously, and wearing formal clothes perhaps helps to set the
mood. Furthermore, the "uniform" of black-and-white
might mean that we pay more attention to the man than his clothes
- the reverse might occur if we wore catwalk "gear"
to lodge!
In many parts of the world, at least a portion of the lodge
floor is black and white. As to how long these chequered or black-and-white
mosaic pavements have existed in lodge, maybe someone else can
answer that question. I would suspect that these pavements became
fashionable in permanent lodge rooms, when chalk marks on the
floor or floor coverings were no longer required to be laid out
by the tyler in temporary accommodation such as taverns and hostelries.
As an aside, there is a vogue in Australia for some new lodges
to meet in temporary accomodation such as clubs, so the rolled
up masonic carpet (afghan) is making a comeback. Such carpets
are mainly comprised of black and white squares arranged in a
mosaic pattern.
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