The Order of the Eastern Star is an adoptive
rite of Freemasonry with teachings based on the Bible and objectives that are
charitable and benevolent. The founder of the Order was Dr. Robert Morris, a
lawyer and educator from Boston, Massachusetts, who was a Master Mason and Past
Grand Master of Kentucky. Dr. Morris intended his creation to become a female
branch of Freemasonry, but he failed to overcome the great opposition this idea
engendered. After his first published ritual in 1849-50, he became associated
with Robert Macoy who wrote and published a ritual based on Morris' in 1867. The
first Grand Chapter was organized in Michigan in the same year. (There is
evidence for an organization of the same name founded variously in 1788 or 1793,
but this group was defunct by 1867.) Subordinate (local) chapters operate under
charter from state level grand chapters which are responsible to the General
Grand Chapter at the International Eastern Star temple in Washington, D.C.
Members must be eighteen years or older and
either Master Masons in good standing or properly related to a Master Mason in
good standing. The latter category includes: wives, widows, sisters, daughters,
mothers, granddaughters, step-mothers, step daughters, step-sisters, and
half-sisters. In 1994 this was expanded to include nieces, daughters-in-law, and
grandmothers.
Each chapter has eighteen officers, some
elected and others appointed. Two offices are specifically male (Patron and
Associate Patron) while nine offices are specifically female (including Matron
and Associate Matron). While the Worthy Matron is considered to be the presiding
officer of the chapter, the degrees cannot be conferred without a presiding
brother in good standing (hence the Patron and Associate
Patron).
Each chapter retains the right to decide who
shall be a member of the organization. Election to the degrees must be
unanimous, without debate, and secret. The successful candidate must profess a
belief in a Supreme Being and is initiated in five degrees, which are conferred
in one ceremony. (When Eastern Star was created, it was intended to be the first
of a three degree series. The second and third degrees were Queen of the South
and the Order of the Amaranth, respectively.)
Interestingly enough, The Order of the Eastern
Star requires only the belief in a Supreme Being even though the degrees are
based in both the Old and New Testaments.
