The phrase "time immemorial," used to denote the age of the four
lodges taking part, is all a blur, telling us no authentic story of
their history. On the Engraved List of Lodges of 1729, the Goose and
Gridiron Lodge No.1, known after as the Lodge of Antiquity, is said
to have dated from 1691. Of the others we have no early knowledge at
all, except the part they took in founding the first Grand Lodge.
Even the Lodge of Antiquity pursued an uneventful career until
Preston became its Master in 1774, when it was involved in a dispute
with Grand Lodge.
The lodge, which met at the Crown Ale-House, Parker's Lane - No.2, of
the original four - played no part in Masonic history, and died of
inanition twenty years later; stricken off the roll in 1740. No
Mason of any note seems to have belonged to it. The Apple-Tree
Tavern Lodge - No.3 - gave the Grand Lodge its first Grand Master,
Anthony Sayer, who apparently appointed two members of his own Lodge
as Grand Wardens - so at least we may conjecture. The lodge moved to
the Queen's Head, Knaves Acre, about 1723, and, if we may believe
Anderson, it was loath to come under the new Constitution adopted in
that year.
These two lodges seem to have been Operative Lodges, or largely so,
composed of working Masons and Brethren of the artisan class.
Clearly, then, the new Grand Lodge was made up, predominately, of
Operative Masons, and not, as has so often been implied, the design
of men who simply made use of the remnants of Operative Masonry the
better to exploit some hidden cult. Still, it may be argued that,
even if Operative Masons were in the majority, the real leadership of
the movement came from Accepted Masons, and that is quite true. But
anyone who knows the ingrained conservatism of Masons of every sort,
will be slow to admit that any designing group could have imposed
anything not inherently Masonic upon such an assembly.
The premier lodge of the period, which seems to have initiated and
led the formation and policy of the new Grand Lodge, was No.4,
meeting at the Rummer and Grape Tavern in Channel Row, Westminster.
It was almost entirely a Specu-lative Lodge, made up of Accepted
Masons, and almost all the leading men of the Craft in that formative
time were members of it. The other lodges had perhaps twenty members
each, while No.4 had a roll of seventy, among them men of high social
rank, including members of nobility. Had it not been for such a
lodge, the only one of is kind and quality in London, the chances are
many that no Grand Lodge would have been formed, and the story of our
Craft, if it had any story at all, would have been very different.
Besides Dr. Anderson, to whom, Gould says, we may safely attribute
the authorship of the Constitutions - as well as much else, some of
it rather fantastic - and Dr. Desaguliers, to whom tradition
ascribes the refashioning of much of the ritual, the second and third
Grand Masters were men of that lodge. It also furnished a Grand
Secretary, William Cowper. The lodge continued to hold first place
in numbers, social rank, and influence until 1735, when a decline set
in, both in attendance and contributions, and in 1747 it was decreed
that the lodge "be erased from the Book of Lodges." Four years later
the lodge was restored, but it never regained its former power, and
twenty years later appeared to be once more on the edge of
extinction, from which it was rescued by being merged with the
Somerset House Lodge founded in Dunckerley.
The Goose and Gridiron Lodge, No.1, is the only one of the original
four lodges now in existence. After various changes in name it is
now the Lodge of Antiquity, No.2, having lost its proud position of
first on the list when the lodges were renumbered by the casting of
lots, at the time of the union of the two rival Grand Lodges, in
1813. It seems to have been a mixed lodge, part Operative and part
Speculative, and this fact, no doubt, made for continuity and
stability in its long history and service.
Not much is known of the first Grand Master, Anthony Sayer, whose
life seems to have been uneventful, if not unimportant, save for the
"accident," if we may call it such, of his election to his high
office. About the only record of him - save the story of his ill
fortune in later life - is to be found in the Anderson version of the
organization of the Grand Lodge in the 1738 edition of the
Constitutions. Nothing is known of his previous history, except that
he is described as a "gentleman," in the old English meaning of the
word, and that he was a member of the lodge meeting at the Apple-Tree
Tavern. He was a Warden of his Lodge in 1723; apparently he had
never been its Master, or if so, there is no record of it.
Sayer served as Grand Master for one year, and in June, 1718, was
followed by George Payne; he was made Grand Senior Warden in 1719.
Later he fell upon evil days - Never, it would seem, having been a
man of much influence or position in the world - and more than once
was aided by the Craft over which he was the first to preside. He
became Tyler of Old King's Arms Lodge, No.28, and it is reported in
the records that he was assisted "out of the box of this society."
He was also aided by Grand Lodge, in spite of some kind of irregular
conduct of which he was accused in 1730, the nature of which is not
known, for which he was called to account by Grand Lodge. The
finding amounted to a verdict of "not guilty," but don't repeat the
offence;" and Sayer did not again approach Grand Lodge for aid until
1741, when he received help.
After that one finds no allusion to him in the records of Grand
Lodge, or anywhere else, until his death the following year, 1742,
which was announced in the London papers - both in the "Champion" and
in the "Evening Post. From these accounts we learn that his funeral
was attended "by a great number of gentlemen of that honorable
society of the best quality," and that he was buried in St. Paul's
Church, Covent Garden - where his widow was buried a few months later
in the same year. The vague impression of Sayer that is left us,
almost too vague to be perceptible, is that of an amiable but rather
ineffective man rescued from utter oblivion by the one brief honor of
his life. Hardly more than a name, no biography of his has been
written, and no materials for one exists - if indeed so obscure and
colorless man deserved to be celebrated at all.
Shortly after his death, probably in 1744, a portrait of Sayer was
painted by Joseph Highmore, which was engraved by John Faber, a Dutch
artist, both men of the Craft, as an appendix to a Masonic History,
in which Highmore was interested. Bromley, in his Catalogue, issued
in 1793, assigns the year 1750 as the date when the picture was
published, with the legend, "Anthony Sayer, Gent, Grand Master of
Masons." Of this engraving many copies have come down to us, which
are highly prized as giving us the only image and likeness of the
first ruler of our gentle Craft.
So much for the first Grand Master, of whom we know so little, not
even the place or date of his birth. It is plain that the real work
of the Grand Lodge, in those critical and creative years, was done by
other and stronger men. They wrought well, but, excepting Anderson,
and less certainly Desaguliers, we know very little of what part each
took in the work. Nor does it greatly matter, as it is the building
and not the builders that is the goal of our labors, and it is an
eloquent fact that Masonry, even in its modern form, which took shape
in the First grand Lodge, is a cooperative enterprise, in which no
names out-top their fellows.
Let us be grateful that it is so, remembering the wisdom of Goethe,
one of the greatest men in the annals of our Craft, who, as he grew
older, took comfort in the beautiful feeling that entered his mind
that only mankind together is the true man, and that the individual
can only be happy when he has the courage to feel himself in the
whole, and lose himself in it.